<\/span><\/h2>\n\u1ede Vi\u1ec7t Nam, vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n c\u1ea3 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c: C\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t trong kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c l\u00f4ng mao trong ph\u1ed5i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea cho th\u1ea5y h\u01a1n 90% ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u00edt th\u1edf kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 b\u00f4ng g\u00f2n, b\u1ee5i v\u1ea3i, kh\u00f3i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng mi\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh m\u00e3n t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao tu\u1ed5i n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng cao h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n\n- C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o sinh l\u00fd b\u1ec7nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta chia b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh 3 lo\u1ea1i:<\/span><\/li>\n
- B\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n (vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn) ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p trung t\u00e2m, ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u00e3n t\u00ednh co th\u1eaft do hen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch.<\/span><\/li>\n
- B\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u00e3n t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf th\u0169ng ti\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 g\u00e2y co th\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf ngo\u1ea1i vi (ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n 2mm).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>Nh\u01b0\u0303ng tri\u00ea\u0323u ch\u01b0\u0301ng chung c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh<\/span><\/h2>\n\u0110\u1eddm v\u00e0 ho ra m\u00e1u l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 90 ng\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c theo t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ee3t. M\u1ed7i b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eddm v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ho kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y trong su\u1ed1t, v\u00e0ng, xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf th\u1eabm \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddm c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Kh\u00f3 th\u1edf (th\u1edf nhanh): D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n khi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f3 th\u1edf khi ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u00e3n t\u00ednh (COPD) ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed th\u0169ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 th\u1edf khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho.<\/span><\/li>\n
- Th\u1edf kh\u00f2 kh\u00e8: Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe th\u1ea5y \u00e2m thanh nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng hu\u00fdt s\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1edf kh\u00f2 kh\u00e8.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
<\/span>Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n t\u00ednh lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o<\/span><\/h3>\n\n- Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn (vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ho l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i kh\u00e1m. Ho ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng ho\u1eb7c dai d\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u1eddm, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch h\u00edt v\u00e0o, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean dai d\u1eb3ng. Th\u1eadt \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n\u0110\u1eddm ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7c qu\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddm c\u00f3 m\u1ee7 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Sau khi b\u1ecf h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, ho c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddm c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng.<\/span><\/p>\nTh\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f3 th\u1edf v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, l\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 HbCO trong m\u00e1u t\u0103ng cao do h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\nV\u1ebft n\u1ee9t \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y khi kh\u00e1m s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb; tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi h\u00edt th\u1edf s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c ho.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn d\u1ea1ng hen<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft kh\u00f3 th\u1edf k\u00e8m theo ho kh\u1ea1c \u0111\u1eddm: ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t sau nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u00edch (l\u1ea1nh, g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c, d\u1ecb nguy\u00ean, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c,\u2026).<\/span><\/p>\nRales, ng\u00e1y khi th\u1edf ra, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 ran \u1ea9m v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t khi ho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi kh\u00e1m khi kh\u00f3 th\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u1ea1n t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed ph\u1ebf th\u1ee7ng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Khi n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f3 th\u1edf ngay c\u1ea3 khi ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i. Kh\u00f3 th\u1edf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khi\u1ebfu n\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 quan l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\nHo c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddm trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/span><\/p>\nC\u00e1c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khi kh\u00e1m bao g\u1ed3m l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c th\u00f9ng, th\u1edf ra k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng th\u1ed5i ph\u1ebf nang gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>V\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh kh\u00e1m b\u00e1c s\u1ef9?<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n\n- \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh<\/span><\/li>\n
- N\u1ebfu b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ecd n\u00ean tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bb\u00e1c s\u0129 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c:<\/span><\/li>\n
- Sinh ra ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7 do ho nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 d\u1eef d\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/li>\n
- S\u1ed1t k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ba ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng tr\u00ean 38 \u0111\u1ed9,<\/span><\/li>\n
- C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y c\u00f3 m\u00e1u, h\u01a1i v\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1i xanh khi ho.<\/span><\/li>\n
- H\u01a1n ba tu\u1ea7n ho.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh hay kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p b\u00e1c s\u0129 ngay khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eb9 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nC\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, bao g\u1ed3m: h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0o, h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ee5i m\u1ecbn, b\u1ee5i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
L\u00fd do ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n dai d\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1. \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 90% c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/span><\/p>\nB\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i 45 \u0111\u1ebfn 50 tu\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\nC\u00e1c m\u00f4 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y v\u00e0 l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo do s\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 t\u1eeb kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u00eam nhi\u1ec5m m\u00e3n t\u00ednh trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m g\u00e2y t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n. Suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p (FEV1 gi\u1ea3m 50 ml\/ 1 n\u0103m) khi n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n<\/span><\/p>\nTh\u1eddi gian h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 h\u00fat, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nicotin trong m\u1ed7i \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ecdc thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/p>\nVi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m FEV1 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf, g\u00e2y ra ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vi\u00eam k\u00e9o d\u00e0i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c. <\/span><\/p>\nS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m h\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u00e3n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1ecb nguy\u00ean g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
T\u00ednh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ng nguy\u00ean g\u00e2y d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. Tr\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1,\u2026 <\/span><\/p>\nV\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o mast, b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u \u00e1i toan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, qu\u00e1 m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf vi\u00eam d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trung gian h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m co c\u01a1 tr\u01a1n ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n, t\u0103ng ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00e0m nh\u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p g\u00e2y ho, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb hen dai d\u1eb3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- \u0110\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u1ea3 nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh d\u1ea1ng hen ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh hen suy\u1ec5n. Kh\u00ed th\u0169ng, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i h\u00fat t\u1ea9u trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n \u1edf c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh cao h\u01a1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5p so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp cao.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Nam gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cao h\u01a1n n\u1eef gi\u1edbi do v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft – Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. S\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m l\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00fam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ho ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ea7y v\u00e0 co th\u1eaft ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng:<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng nhu m\u00f4 ph\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. C\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Thu\u1ed1c: C\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c gi\u00e3n ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh. Thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u1edf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
T\u00f9y t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 thu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n, b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho thu\u1ed1c theophylline \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n th\u1edf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m gi\u00e3n c\u00e1c l\u1edbp c\u01a1 trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf.<\/span><\/p>\nB\u00e1c s\u0129 s\u1ebd k\u00ea toa thu\u1ed1c ch\u1ed1ng vi\u00eam d\u1ea1ng h\u00edt ho\u1eb7c thu\u1ed1c vi\u00ean h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1edf n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c n\u00e0o l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5i: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u1edf v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1c, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh kh\u1ea1c ra d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n\n- Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1edf d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nh\u1edd li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p oxy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/span>C\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\nNgay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin sau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh:<\/span><\/p>\n\n- B\u1ecf thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1: H\u00fat thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5i n\u00f3i chung, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i. B\u1ecf h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho c\u1ea3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh b\u1ea1n. v\u00ec kh\u00f3i thu\u1ed1c th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/li>\n
- Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb7c \u1edf xung quanh m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea9n, b\u1ee5i, lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u1ea9u trang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/li>\n
- Khi \u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, \u0111eo kh\u1ea9u trang s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh.<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/li>\n
- Duy tr\u00ec v\u1ec7 sinh tay \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng x\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng kh\u00e1ng khu\u1ea9n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p t\u1ed1t (nh\u1ecf m\u0169i, s\u00fac mi\u1ec7ng\u2026) b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1i sinh l\u00fd.<\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/li>\n
- C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u00eam v\u1eafc-xin ho g\u00e0, c\u00fam ho\u1eb7c vi\u00eam ph\u1ed5i.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
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<\/span>Vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 nguy hi\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\nV\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5i t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn m\u00e3n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 suy h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p, vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy hi\u1ec3m. Nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao m\u1eafc ung th\u01b0 ph\u1ed5i, ung th\u01b0 bi\u1ec3u m\u00f4 ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh lao. <\/span><\/p>\nT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Do kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3m \u0111i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb d\u1ee9t \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ec7nh vi\u00eam ph\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n m\u00e3n t\u00ednh c\u0169ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n\n\n
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